Title: Suites de Sturm, indice de Maslov et p\'e riodicit\'e de Bott Authors: Jean Barge and Jean Lannes Address: Centre de Math\'ematiques, UMR 7640 du CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France E-mail : barge@math.polytechnique.fr, lannes@math.polytechnique.fr Abstract: This memoir presents a reworking of a very classical subject; it is related to works of many people, especially: Richard W. Sharpe, Max Karoubi, Andrew Ranicki, Fran\c{c}ois Latour... We explain in particular how the usual theory of Sturm sequences is linked to the fundamental theorem of hermitian K-theory (due to Karoubi) and to Bott periodicity. Keywords: Sturm sequences, Maslov index, Bott periodicity, hermitian K-theory. AMS classification: 19G38, 19C99.