Title of Paper: On the realization of the unstable modules Author: JIANG Dong Hua AMS Classification numbers: 55N99, 55S10 math.AT/0212054 Address of Author: LAGA, Institut Galilee, UMR 7539 University Paris Nord, Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clement 93430 VILLETANEUSE, FRANCE Email address of Author: donghua.jiang@m4x.org In this article, we give some restrictions about the structure of an unstable module, which should be verified providing this module is the reduced mod 2 cohomology of a space or a spectrum. We begin by studing the structure of the sub-modules of \Sigma^s H^\ast(B(Z/2)^{\oplus d}; Z/2)^{\oplus \alpha_d} (s \geq 0, \alpha_d > 0), i.e., the unstable modules whose nilpotent filtration has length 1. Next, we generelise this result for the unstable modules whose nilpotent filtration has a finite length, and who verified an additional condition. The result says that under some hypothesis, the reduced mod 2 cohomology of a space or a spectrum does not have arbitrary big gaps in its structure. This result is obtained by applying the famous Adams' theorem about the Hopf invariant and the classification of the injective unstable modules. For the unstable modules satisfing the condition of the theorem 3 (for example, any suspension of a sub-module of H^\ast(B(Z/2)^{\oplus d}; Z/2)^{\oplus \alpha_d}, the theorem 3 gives the upper bound of the length of the gaps in the modules, which means the module does not contain arbitrary big gaps. So when the module is reduced satisfing the condition of the theorem 4, its weight should be infinite. This gives us so many examples of the non-realizable unstable modules: F(n), any tensor product of F(n_i), etc. (These examples can also be proved by the theorem of Lionel Schwartz about the Kuhn conjecture, which was generalised by F-X. Dehon - G. Gaudens.) This article is written in french and the work is done under the direction of L. Schwartz.