Heisenberg groups and algebraic topology by Jack Morava This paper overlaps considerably with earlier, sketchier papers about the Tate cohomology of circle actions and its connection to Heisenberg groups. It will appear in the Segal Festschrift: We study the Madsen-Tillmann spectrum $\C P^\infty_{-1}$ as a quotient of the Mahowald pro-object $\C P^{\infty}_{-\infty}$, which is closely related to the Tate cohomology of circle actions. That theory has an associated symplectic structure, whose symmetries define the Virasoro operations on the cohomology of moduli space constructed by Kontsevich and Witten.